A hash is a function that converts one value to another. Hashing data is a common practice in computer science and is used for several different purposes. Examples include cryptography, compression, checksum generation, and data indexing.
- A hash function is any algorithm that maps data of a variable length to data of a fixed length. The value returned by a hash function called hash digest, hash value, hash code, hash sum, checksum, or simply 'hash.' Hash functions are primarily used to generate fixed-length output data that acts as a shortened reference to the original data.
- Add half of hash to skillet and cook, turning portions occasionally, until browned and crisp in spots, 12 to 14 minutes. Transfer to a large (17-by 11-inch) 4-sided sheet pan.
- Hash oil is a concentrated cannabis extract that can be smoked, vaped, eaten, or rubbed onto the skin. The use of hash oil is sometimes called “dabbing” or “burning.” Hash oil comes from.
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Hashing is a natural fit for cryptography because it masks the original data with another value. A hash function can be used to generate a value that can only be decoded by looking up the value from a hash table. The table may be an array, database, or other data structure. A good cryptographic hash function is non-invertible, meaning it cannot be reverse engineered.
Since hashed values are generally smaller than the originals, it is possible for a hash function to generate duplicate hashed values. These are known as 'collisions' and occur when identical values are produced from different source data. Collisions can be resolved by using multiple hash functions or by creating an overflow table when duplicate hashed values are encountered. Collisions can be avoided by using larger hash values.
Different types of compression, such as lossy image compression and media compression, may incorporate hash functions to reduce file size. By hashing data into smaller values, media files can be compressed into smaller chunks. This type of one-way hashing cannot be reversed, but it can produce an approximation of the original data that requires less disk space.
Hashes are also used to create checksums, which validate the integrity of files. A checksum is a small value that is generated based on the bits in a file or block of data such as a disk image. When the checksum function is run on a copy of the file (such as a file downloaded from the Internet), it should produce the same hashed value as the original file. If the file does not produce the same checksum, something in the file was changed.
Finally, hashes are used to index data. Hashing values can be used to map data to individual 'buckets' within a hash table. Each bucket has a unique ID that serves as a pointer to the original data. This creates an index that is significantly smaller than the original data, allowing the values to be searched and accessed more efficiently.
Updated: April 21, 2018
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To Hash Things Out
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value. Although MD5 was initially designed to be used as a cryptographic hash function, it has been found to suffer from extensive vulnerabilities. It can still be used as a checksum to verify data integrity, but only against unintentional corruption. It remains suitable for other non-cryptographic purposes, for example for determining the partition for a particular key in a partitioned database. The weaknesses of MD5 have been exploited in the field, most infamously by the Flame malware in 2012. The CMU Software Engineering Institute considers MD5 essentially cryptographically broken and unsuitable for further use. MD5 Decrypt.
Hash To Text
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a cryptographic hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as a hexadecimal number, 40 digits long. It was designed by the United States National Security Agency, and is a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard. Since 2005 SHA-1 has not been considered secure against well-funded opponents, and since 2010 many organizations have recommended its replacement by SHA-2 or SHA-3. Microsoft, Google, Apple and Mozilla have all announced that their respective browsers will stop accepting SHA-1 SSL certificates by 2017. SHA1 Decrypt.
The MySQL5 hashing algorithm implements a double binary SHA-1 hashing algorithm on a users password. MySQL Decrypt.
NT (New Technology) LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft security protocols that provides authentication, integrity, and confidentiality to users. NTLM is the successor to the authentication protocol in Microsoft LAN Manager (LANMAN), an older Microsoft product. The NTLM protocol suite is implemented in a Security Support Provider, which combines the LAN Manager authentication protocol, NTLMv1, NTLMv2 and NTLM2 Session protocols in a single package. Whether these protocols are used or can be used on a system is governed by Group Policy settings, for which different versions of Windows have different default settings. NTLM passwords are considered weak because they can be brute-forced very easily with modern hardware. NTLM Decrypt.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). They are built using the Merkle–Damgård structure, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a (classified) specialized block cipher. SHA-2 includes significant changes from its predecessor, SHA-1. The SHA-2 family consists of six hash functions with digests (hash values) that are 224, 256, 384 or 512 bits: SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA-512/224, SHA-512/256. SHA256 Decrypt.